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5. 智能体与业务编排

5.1 Agent技能链

技能定义

智能制造/工业4.0解决方案中的Agent具备多种技能,每个技能对应一个特定的业务能力:

核心技能

  • 生产调度技能(ProductionSchedulingSkill)

    • 功能:优化生产排产方案,分配资源,监控生产进度
    • 输入:订单信息、设备状态、物料库存、人员配置
    • 输出:排产方案、资源分配、生产计划
    • 使用模型:排产优化模型 + 大语言模型
  • 质量检测技能(QualityInspectionSkill)

    • 功能:检测产品质量,识别缺陷,评估质量等级
    • 输入:产品图像、检测标准、历史数据
    • 输出:检测结果、缺陷信息、质量评估
    • 使用模型:视觉检测模型(YOLO、ResNet)
  • 设备维护技能(EquipmentMaintenanceSkill)

    • 功能:预测设备故障,制定维护计划,监控设备状态
    • 输入:设备状态数据、历史故障记录、维护历史
    • 输出:故障预测、维护建议、健康评估
    • 使用模型:时序预测模型(LSTM、Transformer)
  • 供应链优化技能(SupplyChainOptimizationSkill)

    • 功能:预测需求,优化采购,管理库存,评估供应商
    • 输入:历史销售数据、市场数据、库存数据
    • 输出:需求预测、采购建议、库存优化方案
    • 使用模型:需求预测模型(ARIMA、LSTM)
  • 数据分析技能(DataAnalysisSkill)

    • 功能:分析生产数据,生成报表,提供决策支持
    • 输入:生产数据、设备数据、质量数据
    • 输出:分析报告、数据报表、决策建议
    • 使用模型:大语言模型(GPT-4)+ RAG知识库
  • 知识检索技能(KnowledgeRetrievalSkill)

    • 功能:检索工业知识,回答技术问题,提供解决方案
    • 输入:查询文本、问题描述
    • 输出:相关知识、答案、解决方案
    • 使用工具:RAG检索系统、知识库

技能链设计

技能链是将多个技能组合起来,完成复杂业务流程:

智能排产技能链

技能链配置

skill_chain:
name: production_scheduling_chain
skills:
- name: data_query
skill: DataQuerySkill
inputs:
- order_id
outputs:
- order_data
- device_status
- material_inventory
- personnel_config

- name: production_scheduling
skill: ProductionSchedulingSkill
inputs:
- order_data
- device_status
- material_inventory
- personnel_config
outputs:
- schedule_plan
- resource_allocation

- name: schedule_validation
skill: ScheduleValidationSkill
inputs:
- schedule_plan
outputs:
- feasibility
- validation_result

- name: schedule_optimization
skill: ScheduleOptimizationSkill
condition: feasibility == false
inputs:
- schedule_plan
- validation_result
outputs:
- optimized_schedule

- name: send_to_mes
skill: MESIntegrationSkill
condition: feasibility == true
inputs:
- schedule_plan
outputs:
- mes_response

- name: monitor_production
skill: ProductionMonitoringSkill
inputs:
- schedule_plan
outputs:
- production_status

质量检测技能链

技能链配置

skill_chain:
name: quality_inspection_chain
skills:
- name: image_capture
skill: ImageCaptureSkill
inputs:
- product_id
outputs:
- product_images

- name: quality_inspection
skill: QualityInspectionSkill
inputs:
- product_images
- inspection_standard
outputs:
- inspection_result
- defect_info

- name: defect_analysis
skill: DefectAnalysisSkill
condition: inspection_result == "不合格"
inputs:
- defect_info
outputs:
- defect_analysis
- quality_assessment

- name: generate_recommendation
skill: RecommendationGenerationSkill
inputs:
- defect_analysis
- quality_assessment
outputs:
- handling_recommendation

- name: manual_review
skill: ManualReviewSkill
condition: inspection_result == "不合格"
inputs:
- inspection_result
- handling_recommendation
outputs:
- final_decision

设备预测性维护技能链

技能链配置

skill_chain:
name: predictive_maintenance_chain
skills:
- name: data_collection
skill: DataCollectionSkill
inputs:
- device_id
outputs:
- device_data

- name: equipment_maintenance
skill: EquipmentMaintenanceSkill
inputs:
- device_data
- failure_history
outputs:
- failure_prediction
- health_score

- name: risk_assessment
skill: RiskAssessmentSkill
inputs:
- failure_prediction
- health_score
outputs:
- risk_level

- name: maintenance_planning
skill: MaintenancePlanningSkill
condition: risk_level == "high"
inputs:
- failure_prediction
- risk_level
outputs:
- maintenance_plan

- name: execute_maintenance
skill: MaintenanceExecutionSkill
inputs:
- maintenance_plan
outputs:
- maintenance_result

- name: model_optimization
skill: ModelOptimizationSkill
inputs:
- maintenance_result
- failure_prediction
outputs:
- optimization_result

5.2 工作流编排

n8n工作流设计

生产调度工作流

工作流配置

{
"name": "智能生产调度工作流",
"nodes": [
{
"id": "webhook",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.webhook",
"parameters": {
"path": "production-schedule",
"httpMethod": "POST"
}
},
{
"id": "fetch-order",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
"parameters": {
"url": "={{ $env.ERP_API }}/orders/{{ $json.order_id }}",
"method": "GET"
}
},
{
"id": "fetch-device-status",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
"parameters": {
"url": "={{ $env.MES_API }}/devices/status",
"method": "GET"
}
},
{
"id": "ai-scheduling",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
"parameters": {
"url": "={{ $env.AI_API }}/scheduling/optimize",
"method": "POST",
"body": {
"order": "={{ $json.order }}",
"devices": "={{ $json.devices }}",
"materials": "={{ $json.materials }}"
}
}
},
{
"id": "validate-schedule",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.if",
"parameters": {
"conditions": {
"boolean": [
{
"value1": "={{ $json.feasibility }}",
"operation": "equal",
"value2": true
}
]
}
}
},
{
"id": "send-to-mes",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
"parameters": {
"url": "={{ $env.MES_API }}/production/schedule",
"method": "POST",
"body": "={{ $json.schedule }}"
}
},
{
"id": "monitor-production",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.schedule",
"parameters": {
"triggerTimes": {
"item": [
{
"mode": "everyMinute",
"minute": 5
}
]
}
}
}
],
"connections": {
"webhook": {
"main": [
[
{
"node": "fetch-order",
"type": "main",
"index": 0
}
]
]
},
"fetch-order": {
"main": [
[
{
"node": "fetch-device-status",
"type": "main",
"index": 0
}
]
]
},
"fetch-device-status": {
"main": [
[
{
"node": "ai-scheduling",
"type": "main",
"index": 0
}
]
]
},
"ai-scheduling": {
"main": [
[
{
"node": "validate-schedule",
"type": "main",
"index": 0
}
]
]
},
"validate-schedule": {
"main": [
[
{
"node": "send-to-mes",
"type": "main",
"index": 0
}
]
]
}
}
}

质量检测工作流

工作流配置

{
"name": "智能质量检测工作流",
"nodes": [
{
"id": "image-capture",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.webhook",
"parameters": {
"path": "quality-inspection",
"httpMethod": "POST"
}
},
{
"id": "ai-inspection",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
"parameters": {
"url": "={{ $env.AI_API }}/quality/inspect",
"method": "POST",
"body": {
"image": "={{ $json.image }}",
"product_type": "={{ $json.product_type }}"
}
}
},
{
"id": "check-result",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.if",
"parameters": {
"conditions": {
"string": [
{
"value1": "={{ $json.result }}",
"operation": "equal",
"value2": "合格"
}
]
}
}
},
{
"id": "save-result",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.mysql",
"parameters": {
"operation": "insert",
"table": "quality_inspection",
"columns": {
"mappingMode": "defineBelow",
"value": {
"product_id": "={{ $json.product_id }}",
"result": "={{ $json.result }}",
"defects": "={{ $json.defects }}"
}
}
}
},
{
"id": "notify-review",
"type": "n8n-nodes-base.slack",
"parameters": {
"channel": "#quality-review",
"text": "产品 {{ $json.product_id }} 检测不合格,需要人工审核"
}
}
]
}

5.3 多Agent协作

Agent协作模式

主从模式

  • 主Agent:负责整体协调和决策
  • 从Agent:负责具体任务执行
  • 适用场景:复杂业务流程,需要统一协调

对等模式

  • 多个Agent:平等协作,共同完成任务
  • 适用场景:并行任务,独立执行

管道模式

  • Agent链:按顺序执行,前一个Agent的输出作为后一个Agent的输入
  • 适用场景:流水线式处理

协作示例

生产调度协作

5.4 异常处理与重试

异常处理策略

异常分类

  • 数据异常

    • 数据缺失
    • 数据格式错误
    • 数据不一致
  • 模型异常

    • 模型推理失败
    • 模型超时
    • 模型错误
  • 系统异常

    • 服务不可用
    • 网络故障
    • 资源不足

处理策略

  • 自动重试

    • 临时故障自动重试
    • 重试次数:3次
    • 重试间隔:指数退避
  • 降级处理

    • 模型不可用时使用规则引擎
    • 实时服务不可用时使用缓存数据
  • 人工介入

    • 严重异常转人工处理
    • 发送告警通知
    • 记录异常日志

重试机制

重试配置

retry_policy:
max_retries: 3
retry_delay: 1s
backoff_multiplier: 2
retryable_errors:
- timeout
- connection_error
- service_unavailable
non_retryable_errors:
- authentication_error
- authorization_error
- invalid_input

5.5 监控与日志

工作流监控

监控指标

  • 执行指标

    • 工作流执行次数
    • 执行成功率
    • 平均执行时间
    • 失败率
  • 性能指标

    • 响应时间
    • 吞吐量
    • 资源利用率

告警机制

  • 告警规则

    • 执行失败率超过阈值
    • 执行时间超过阈值
    • 资源使用率超过阈值
  • 告警通知

    • 邮件通知
    • 短信通知
    • 企业微信/钉钉通知

日志管理

日志级别

  • DEBUG:调试信息
  • INFO:一般信息
  • WARN:警告信息
  • ERROR:错误信息

日志内容

  • 执行日志

    • 工作流执行记录
    • 节点执行记录
    • 数据流转记录
  • 错误日志

    • 异常信息
    • 堆栈跟踪
    • 上下文信息

日志存储

  • 存储位置:ELK Stack
  • 保留期限:30天
  • 查询方式:Kibana查询界面